| | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ︽6︾ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠄ ︽ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠤᠬᠦᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠪᠡ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠳᠤᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠬᠡᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠦᠯᠪᠠᠯ᠄ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ — ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠡᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠦᠭᠠᠩ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦᠮ᠂ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠤ᠂ ᠽᠠᠳᠢ᠂ ᠰᠦᠭᠮᠧᠯ᠂ | ᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ — ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠤ᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠳᠬᠠ᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠ — ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠮ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷ᠂ | ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ — ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ᠂ ᠠᠰᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠮᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢᠷᠢᠳ | ᠂ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠦᠢ — ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠰᠬᠤ᠂ ᠦᠨᠤᠷᠳᠠᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠤᠴᠠᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠳᠬᠢᠬᠦ | ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠡᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠴᠢ — ᠢᠰᠢᠪᠠᠯᠵᠤᠤᠷ ︵1704 — 1788︶ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠨᠡᠭᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ᠃ 18 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠤᠬᠡᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠴᠢᠨ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠠᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠴᠦ᠋ᠯᠳᠤᠮ ︵ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ︶᠂ ᠯᠦᠷᠦᠭᠳᠡᠩᠳᠠᠷ ︵ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ︶᠂ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ ︵ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ︶᠂ | ᠢᠰᠢᠳᠡᠩᠽᠠᠨᠸᠠᠩᠵᠢᠯ ︵ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ︶᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠷᠠ ︵ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ︶ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠠᠮᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠠᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ — | 1. ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | 2. ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠡᠳᠠᠯ ︽ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠩ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠩ | ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠴᠠᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ︾᠃ | 3. ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ — ︽ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | 4. ︽ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠾᠦ᠋ᠩᠨᠤ ᠮᠠᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | 5. ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | 6. ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠴᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ — | 1. ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳ ᠦᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ | 2. ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ | 3. ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ | 4. ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ | 5. ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ | 6. ᠭᠠᠮᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠡᠭᠳᠠᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠠᠷᠵᠢ᠄ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠡᠷᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠯᠠᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠠᠷᠵᠢ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠦᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠬᠦᠯᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ — ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ — 1. ᠡᠷᠳᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 2. ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠠ ᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 3. ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 4. ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 5. ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠠᠷᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 6. ᠦᠢᠯᠠ᠂ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | | |