ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ
ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ
ᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ
ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ
ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ
ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ
ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ
ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄
2020/10/20
ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠦᠷ ︽ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠦ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠩᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠴᠦᠢᠵᠢᠠᠤᠳᠰᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠩᠭᠠᠠᠤᠳᠰᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ︽ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠳᠤ︾ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠫᠠᠶᠢᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ︽ᠪᠤᠳᠢᠴᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠸᠠᠳᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠱᠠᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠳᠢᠸ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠺᠷᠢᠲ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠢᠵᠢᠠᠤᠳᠰᠠᠷ 1305 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 1312 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠮᠠᠯᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠯᠧ ᠺᠤᠺ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠹᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ︽ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾᠎ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ 12 ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠧᠷᠯᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ 1269 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠯᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠯᠽᠠᠨ ︵1238 — 1280 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ︽ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ︾ ᠪᠤᠶᠦ ︽ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠴᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 1587 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠰᠢ ᠬᠦᠦᠰᠢ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠺᠷᠢᠲ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ — ᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠠᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ︽ᠭᠠᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ — ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠳᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ 1648 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠮᠬᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠮᠰᠤ ︵1599 — 1662 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ︽ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ︾ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ︽ᠳᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠩᠪᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 1686 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠪᠽᠤᠨᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠪᠠᠽᠠᠷ ︵1635 — 1723 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠵᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠩᠪᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠩᠪᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠺᠷᠢᠲ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠩᠪᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠢᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠸᠠᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ 1905 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠺᠷᠢᠲ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ︽ᠸᠠᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠᠷ᠊ ᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠸᠠᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠸᠠᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠳᠤᠩ ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠺᠢᠷᠢᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠧ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ 1941 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ 1945 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 1946 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠬᠦᠦᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠤᠷᠢᠬᠠᠨ
 
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