| | ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠣ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠳ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ︽ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ︾ ᠤ 17-22 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠶᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠯᠣᠨ | ᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠴᠢ ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠳ᠋ — ᠠᠳ᠋ — ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ︾ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠭ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ | ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠰᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠣᠰᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠬᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ᠂ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠳᠣ ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠢ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠨᠴᠠᠷ | ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠨᠬᠦ ᠢᠳᠡ ᠰᠢᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠳᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠦᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠷᠣᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠣᠭᠤ ︵НУРУУ︶᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠣᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠣᠭᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠢ | ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 19 ᠨᠢᠷᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ᠂ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠣᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠣᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠨᠢᠷᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠷᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠢ ︵330-555︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠯᠣᠨ | ᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠭ ᠢ 3-4 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠣᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ᠂ | ᠷᠢᠳᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠣᠳᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ | 1206 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ | ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠣᠪᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠦᠨᠣᠳᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨᠣᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ᠂ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠳᠣ | ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠢ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠨᠴᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠠᠭ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠣᠮᠣ ︵ᠮᠦᠰᠦ︶ ᠦᠭᠴᠦ | ︽ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠳᠣᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠮᠣ ᠲᠣᠰᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠮᠣ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠳᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠮᠣ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ | ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠯᠳᠡᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠮᠣ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠡᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠰᠣ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠦᠯᠦ | ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠯᠳᠡᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠦᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠭ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠬᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | | | ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠬᠦᠦ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠤᠷᠢᠬᠠᠨ |