| | ᠣᠣᠬᠠᠨ · ᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ | ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠣ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠣᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠸᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠬᠢᠷᠢᠰ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠢ ︵木moːɡ᠂ 骨kuːd/ kuət闾 | li̯wo᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠢ᠂ ᠮᠣᠺᠣᠯᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠮᠣᠭᠤᠯᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠠᠵᠠᠢ︶᠃ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 220 — 277 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ | ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠸᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠧᠨ ᠶᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠸᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠳᠣ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠦᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰᠭᠡ | ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠣᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠸᠢ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠣ ᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠣᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠢ ︵木骨闾︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠬᠢᠷᠢᠰ ︵郁ʔi̯ŭk/ʔiuk 久 | kʷlɯʔ/ki̯ə̯u闾li̯wo/liaɣ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠢ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠢᠺᠢᠷᠢᠰ | ikiris ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ︶ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠳ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠭᠢᠷᠢᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ | ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠣᠮ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ | ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ mog gud liwo ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠢᠬᠢᠷᠢᠰ ᠢ ʔiuk | ki̯ə̯u liwo ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠵᠦᠪ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠶᠠ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠴᠣ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠬᠢᠷᠢᠰ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠳᠣ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠣ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠯᠦ᠋ ︵ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ 拓跋猗卢Ii lag︶ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠴᠣᠷᠴᠣ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠣᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦ ᠮᠠᠩᠬᠠ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠣᠵᠣ | ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠴᠦᠨ | ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠯᠢᠨ ︵纯tjunʔ ︵从糸屯聲︶ 突tʰuːd ︵/tuk̚⁴/᠂︶ 邻Lien᠂ | ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠭᠯᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳᠤ | 纯 ᠢ 纥 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ︶ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠴᠧ ᠯᠦ᠋ ᠾᠦᠢ ︵车tɕʰi̯a鹿b·roːɡ会ɣuɑi ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ︶ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ 车 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠴᠣ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ | ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ Gya ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠵᠣ Gyo ︵ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 车 ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ Gyo ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠥᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠣᠯᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠳᠡ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠵᠣ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ | ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ | ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠮ ︵ᠵᠢᠷᠣᠮ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠮ︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ 车林 ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ᠄ ᠢᠬᠢᠷᠢᠰ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠢᠬᠢᠷᠢᠰ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠥ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠿᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ ︵柔然 | ︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠᠵᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨᠴᠣᠳ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ︽ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠪᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠳᠣᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠮ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ | ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠰᠣᠨ ᠣᠳᠣᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠣᠵᠣ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦ ᠮᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ 柔然 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ | ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ︽ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ︾ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ︽ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠷ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷ 柔 ȵʑi̯ə̯u/ȵǐu᠂ 然njen / ȵʑi̯ɛn ︵ᠨᠢᠦ ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠷ︶ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠶᠡ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨᠴᠣᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡ ᠨᠢᠮᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠸᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ | ᠲᠤ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠳᠣᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠪᠦᠯᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ | ᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠵᠣᠰᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠣᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠢ ᠽᠣ᠋ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠣᠪᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠷᠦ᠋ ᠷᠦ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠦ᠋ ᠭᠦᠢ | ︵吐奴傀 ᠲᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠲᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠢ︶ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠤ ᠨᠦ᠋ ᠭᠦᠢ᠂ ᠢᠬᠢᠷᠢᠰ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠳᠤ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠦ᠋ ᠭᠦᠢ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠢ ︵跋提︶ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠦ᠋ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠸᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠳᠣᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠢ ︵跋提︶᠄ ᠢᠬᠢᠷᠢᠰ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠦ᠋ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠣ᠋ ᠶᠣᠸᠠᠨ ︵地/*lˁej-s {*[l]ˁej-s}/᠂ 粟soɡ᠂ 袁/*ɢʷan {*[ɢ] | ʷa[n]}/ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠣᠭᠠᠨ︖︶ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠸᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠸᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠪᠡ ᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠣ᠋ ᠶᠣᠸᠠᠨ ︵ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠣᠭᠠᠨ︶᠄ ᠢᠬᠢᠷᠢᠰ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ︵匹:从八 | 匸。八亦聲᠂ /*pʰit {*pʰi[t]}/᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ 音讀 ᠪᠠᠷ ひつ (hitsu) | ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ひき (hiki) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ 候跋᠂ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ᠄ hi | gu bat ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ba hou bat᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠳᠣ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠣᠪᠠᠳᠣ︶ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠩᠭᠤᠷᠳᠡᠢ ︵ | ᠣᠩᠬᠤᠷᠳᠠᠢ᠂ 缊qunʔ᠂ 纥ɣət᠂ 提︶ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ | ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ᠄ | ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ᠄ | ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ᠄ ᠢᠬᠢᠷᠢᠰ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠠ | ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠥ ᠣᠩᠬᠤᠷᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ | ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ︵ᠣᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠭᠡᠨ ︵拓 | 跋什翼犍᠂ 昭成皇帝 ᠨᠡᠷᠡ 什翼犍si᠂ yi/hi᠂ gien᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠭᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠵᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠵᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠣᠳᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ︶ ᠢ | ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨᠡ᠂ ᠣᠩᠬᠤᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠯᠢᠥ ᠸᠧᠢ | ᠴᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠭᠦᠢ ︵拓跋珪︶ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠪᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠴᠣᠸᠠᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨᠴᠣᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠣᠨ ᠡᠣ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠰᠪᠣᠷ | ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠣᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠪᠠ᠃ ᠣᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠸᠧᠢ | ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠰᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠢᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠡᠣ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠰᠦᠨ ᠹᠸᠢ ᠵᠡᠵᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ︵涿邪山᠂ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ | ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠣᠯᠣᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ | ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨᠠ ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠦᠭᠬᠦ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠶᠣᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 394 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠩᠬᠤᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠨ ︵社 | /*m-tʰaʔ {*m-tʰAʔ}/ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ | Thaʔ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠣᠭᠠᠨᠳᠣ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ȡi̯ɔ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ȡi̯ɔ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠳᠣ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ȡi̯ɔ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷ Do ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ 崘luən᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠩ᠂ ᠦᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠣᠮ︶ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠫᠢ | ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠣᠳᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠲᠣᠪᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠣ᠂ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠨ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠵᠣ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ | ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ ︵斛律︶ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠷᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠳᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ︵启kʰeːʔ / kʰeɣ᠂ 拔 bod | ᠺᠧᠪᠦᠳ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠦᠳ︶ ᠡᠣ ᠵᠢᠶᠧ ︵吴ŋo颉 kriːd /kat ᠣᠺᠠᠲ᠋ᠣ = ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ︖︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ᠂ ᠣᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠣ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠷᠸᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠫᠢ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ | ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | | | ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠬᠦᠦ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠤᠷᠢᠬᠠᠨ |