ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ
ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ
ᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ
ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ
ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ
ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ
ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ
ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄
2018/12/3
— ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ︵ᠲᠤᠰ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ︽ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ 2017 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ︶﹇ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ﹈   ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ 17 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠬᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ 17 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ  ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠪᠠ᠃    ﹇ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ﹈    ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ   ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ   ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠬᠡ   ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ      ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ︵︖ —1672︶ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠩ ᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ 1657 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠰ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠢᠱᠢᠺᠠ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠰ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠂ ᠡᠨ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠢᠱᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠰ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠰᠠᠩ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠰ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠤᠪᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ︵ᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ  ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ᠂ ᠵᠠᠬᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠶᠤᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ  ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠴᠤᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ 1669 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ 1672 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄   1. ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠯᠠᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ᠂ ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ︵ᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ︶ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ 1672 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ︾ ﹇1﹈ ︵p.27︶ ᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃2. ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠭ᠊᠂ ᠹ᠊᠂ ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠧᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠰᠲᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠤᠷᠤᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠡᠢ︾ ﹇2﹈ ︵p.391︶ ᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃3. ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠢᠮᠤᠹ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ 1672 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ  ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ︵ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ︾ ﹇3﹈ ︵p.23︶ ᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃   4. ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠠᠮᠠᠴᠣ᠋ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠮᠤᠰᠺᠧᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠠᠢ︾ ﹇4﹈ ︵p.296︶ ᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃5. ᠮᠠ ᠷᠤ᠋ ᠾᠧᠩ᠂ ᠮᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽1672 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠷᠢᠽᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ︾ ﹇5﹈ ︵p.112︶ ᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠰ᠂ ᠠᠷᠬᠢᠸ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠬᠢᠸ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠪᠠ᠃      ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ    ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠴᠠᠳᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠬᠡᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ︾ ﹇6﹈ ︵p.24︶᠃ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ︽ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ︾ ﹇7﹈᠂ ︽ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ① ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ﹇8﹈᠂ ︽ᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ︾ ﹇9﹈ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠡᠨ︾ ﹇10﹈᠂ ︽ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ︾ ﹇11﹈ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃1.ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ② ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠠᠩ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ︽ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠢᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤᠮ ︵ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠴᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯ᠂ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠩ ︵ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠢ︖ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠢᠵᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠪ ︵ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ︵ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳᠠᠳ ︵ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢ︔︔ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠯᠠᠢ ︵ ᠲᠠᠢ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠯᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ︵ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠤ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠪᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠱᠠᠮᠳᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠡᠷᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠄ ︽︔︔︔ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠰᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ︾᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠨ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠩ ︵ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠨ③ ︵ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ  ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠤᠮᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠤᠤᠮᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ︵Юмай дархан︶ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠄ 1670 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠮᠤᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ︵ᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠨᠳᠡᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ 40000 ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠢ︾ ﹇2﹈ ︵p.383︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠮᠤᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠩ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠳᠡ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ  ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠡᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ  ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠵᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ︽ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ︽ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ︽ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠶ᠎ᠠ᠃ ︽ᠷᠠᠪᠵᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠽᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ︽ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠢ ︵ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠪᠡᠢ︾ ﹇12﹈ ︵p.194︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠵᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠮ ᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ︽ᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ  ᠲᠤ ︽︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠦᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ︵ᠪᠠᠷᠰ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ︾ ﹇13﹈ ︵pp.20-21︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ︽ᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ︾ ﹇14﹈ ︵p.48-49︶ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠦᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ  ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠴᠢ ︵ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠴᠢ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠮᠦᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ︽ ᠪᠠᠷ ︵ᠪᠠᠷᠰ︶ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ︽ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠵᠢᠪᠬᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ  ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃2. ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠡᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠳ᠋ᠨ ︵ᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠳ᠋ᠨ ︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠤᠷᠨᠢᠯ  ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ︵ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠬᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠳᠡᠬᠦᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ︽ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ᠂ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ︾ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠡᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠢ ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ  ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠪᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ  ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ  ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠬᠢᠸ᠋  ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠤᠮᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠭᠤᠷᠴᠢ ᠮᠢᠷᠽ ︵Ямгурчи Мирз︶ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠤᠪᠠᠨ④ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠ︾ ﹇2﹈ ︵p.382︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠺᠤᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠴᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠲᠡᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠰ  ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠢ ︽ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ︾ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃︽ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠨᠯᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ  ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠦ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠳ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠢᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠷᠦᠴᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠢᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ︽ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠰᠦ ᠦᠭᠰᠦ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷᠦᠨ᠄ ︽ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠢ ︵ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠢ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠤᠪᠠᠭᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ︽ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ᠄ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠳ ᠨᠠᠷ  ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤ ᠢᠷᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠡᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤ ᠢᠷᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠵᠧᠮ ︵ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠬᠦᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠰᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠷᠤ ᠢᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠡᠷᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ︿ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠤᠨ﹀ ᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠤᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠡᠮᠤᠰᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠡᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠨᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠢ ︵ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠦ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦᠯ᠎ᠠ᠄ ︿ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠳᠡ﹀ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠦᠷᠯᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠪᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠷᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠢᠬᠢ᠃ ᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤᠪ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠭ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠨᠵᠢᠪ ᠲᠠᠯᠯᠤᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠢᠬᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ᠄ ︿ᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠤᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ﹀ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠪᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠪᠤᠳᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠴᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠦᠰᠦᠬᠡᠳ᠄ ︿ᠵᠠ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠦᠨ﹀︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠰᠦ︾᠂ ︽ᠰᠠᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤ ᠢᠷᠬᠡ︾ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ︽ᠶᠠᠨᠵᠢᠪ ᠲᠠᠯᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠷᠬᠡ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠯᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ︖ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠬᠦᠦ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠤᠤ︖ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ︾ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ︽ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤᠳ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠳ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ︾ ﹇15﹈ ︵p.95︶᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ︽︿ᠶᠠᠨᠵᠢᠪ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ﹀ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠯᠤᠤᠰᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠭᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠨ ᠵᠤᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠮᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ︾ ﹇15﹈ ︵p.88︶᠃ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠨᠦᠰᠡᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠬᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠵᠤᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ  ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠃   ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ   ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ — ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠳᠡᠨ 1669 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ1670 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠤᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠦᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠶᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠴᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃ 1672 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠠᠰ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃1. ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠱᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠷᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠺ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ  ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠤᠹ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠤᠪᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ︽ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠪᠤᠭ᠂ ᠤᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ  ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠪᠤᠭ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠤᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ︽ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠨ ︵ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭ ︵ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶︾᠃ ︽ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ︵ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ︶ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ 1642 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ 1672 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ 31 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ 1669 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠦᠴᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠷᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ 11 ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 13 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠵᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠢ ︽ᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷ ︵ᠪᠠᠷᠰ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠢ︾ ﹇13﹈ ︵p.20︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ  ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ  ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠠᠲᠠᠨ ︵ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ︾᠂ ︽ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ︾ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠵᠤ ᠴᠡᠬᠡᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ︽ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ︾ ﹇16﹈ ︵p.22︶᠃ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ︽ᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃    2. ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ   ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠠᠷᠬᠢᠸ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ 1672 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳ ︽ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ 3000 ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠤᠪ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠰᠲᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠰᠡᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ︾ ﹇17﹈ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠤᠹ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠤᠹ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤᠯ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠤᠹ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠷᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠯᠢᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠠᠯᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠯᠠᠵᠦ ︵ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠳᠡ ᠭᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠠᠭ  ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠠᠯᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠴᠠᠯᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠳᠡ ᠭᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃   ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠡᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ︵ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠪᠢᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠮᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ︾᠂ ︽ᠴᠠᠯᠢᠷ︾ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ︽ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷ︾ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ︵ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ︶ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠳᠦᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠮᠦᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠬᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ︽ᠷᠠᠪᠵᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠽᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ︵ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ︶ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠤᠢ︾ ﹇12﹈ ︵p.194︶ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠮ ᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ︵︽ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠠᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠨᠢᠭᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ  ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃3. ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ︽ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ︵ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶︾ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽︔︔︔ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠤᠳᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ ︽ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠳ ︵ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶᠂ ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠨᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠰᠦ ᠮᠢᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ︾᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ  ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠵᠢᠷ ︵ᠠᠶᠤᠮᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠠᠢ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠢᠢ ᠬᠦᠭᠰᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠢ ︵ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠢ︶ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠯᠤᠯ ᠴᠢ︖︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ︽ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ︵ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠬᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽1672 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ᠂ ᠺᠠᠰᠫᠤᠯᠠᠲ ᠴᠧᠷᠺᠠᠰᠺᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠰᠲᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠴᠡᠢ︾ ﹇18﹈ ︵p.110︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ︽ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠱᠠᠪ ︵ᠰᠢᠷᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠢ — ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠡᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ︽ᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ  ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠪᠡ︾ ﹇12﹈ ︵p.21︶ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ 1673 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠨᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ︽ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠺᠧ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠴᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ︾ ﹇19﹈ ︵p.282︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ  ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠨ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠬᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠬᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠄1. ᠲᠤᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠬᠢᠸ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃2. ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠴᠢ ︵ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠮᠦᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ 11 ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 13 ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠠᠷᠬᠢᠸ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃﹇ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ﹈᠄① ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ︵Нойтн︶ — ︽ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠫᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ︽ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠦᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠮᠤᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠬᠤ ᠦᠷᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ︵ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠨ︶︔︔ ᠱᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ︵ᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠭ ᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ︶︔︔︔ ᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠭ ᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ︵ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ  ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︶︔︔︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︵ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠬᠠᠤᠷᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠄ ︽ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ︾᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ 1992 ᠤᠨ᠂ p.370᠃︶② ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ︵Агтн︶ — ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠩᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ︽︿ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠦᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠮᠤᠢ﹀ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠭ ᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ︵ᠠᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ︶︔︔﹀︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ︵ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠬᠠᠤᠷᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠄ ︽ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ︾ ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ 1992 ᠤᠨ᠂ p.370᠃︶③ ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠨ ︵Авл︶ — ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ︽ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠩ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ︽ ︵ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ︶︾᠂ ︽ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠪᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︿ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ﹀︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ︽ ︵ᠠᠪᠯᠨ︶︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ︽ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠨ ︵Авл︶︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ︽ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠨ ︵Авл ︶︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ︽ᠮᠠᠽᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠤᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ ︵Овла︶︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃④ ᠺᠤᠪᠠᠨ — ︽ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠺᠠᠤᠺᠠᠽ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠺᠤᠪᠠᠨ ︵库班河︶ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠺᠠᠤᠺᠠᠽ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠤᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ︾᠃ ︵ᠳ᠋ᠠᠮᠪᠢᠫᠧᠯᠵᠢᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡ᠊ · ᠯᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠄ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ︾᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ 2008 ᠤᠨ᠂ pp.88-89᠃︶ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠺᠤᠪᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠶᠢᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃﹇ᠵᠠᠬᠦᠯᠳᠠ﹈᠄﹇1﹈ 【德】P.S.帕拉斯著᠄ ︽内陆亚洲额鲁特历史资料︾ ，云南人民出版社，2002年。﹇2﹈ В.Т.Тепкеев: ︽Калмыки в северном прикаспии во второй трети 17 века: проблемы политических взаимоонтошений︾ .Элиста.2014г.﹇3﹈ Хонхо .Калмыцкая херстоматия. прага.1927 г.﹇4﹈ ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠢᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠤᠨᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠌᠄ ︽ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ︾᠂ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ 1990 ᠤᠨ᠃﹇5﹈ ᠮᠠ ᠷᠣ᠋ ᠾᠧᠩ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠄ ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠴᠤᠳ︾᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ 2000 ᠤᠨ᠃﹇6﹈ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ᠄ ︽ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ︾ ︵︽ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ︾᠂ 2006 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃︶﹇7﹈ Номто Очиров: ︽Мөнк дееж — амн урн үгн зокъялмуудас︾ .элст. хальмг дегтр hарhач.2006ж .﹇8﹈ ︽Хальмг туульс︾ , 3-гч боть , Элст, 1972 ж . ﹇9﹈ ︽Алтн чеежта келмрч-Боктан Шаня︾ . Элст. 2010 ж .﹇10﹈ ᠨᠠ᠊ · ᠪᠠᠰᠠᠩ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠄ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠤ︾᠂ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠬᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ 1999 ᠤᠨ᠃﹇11﹈ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ — ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ︾᠂ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ 2012 ᠤᠨ᠃﹇12﹈ ᠰᠢ᠊ · ᠨᠤᠷᠪᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠄ ︽ᠽᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ︾᠂ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ 1999 ᠤᠨ᠃ ﹇13﹈ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠬᠠᠤᠷᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠄ ︽ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ︾᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ  ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ 1992 ᠤᠨ᠃﹇14﹈ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠮᠪᠢᠫᠧᠯᠵᠢᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡ᠊ · ᠯᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠄ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ︾᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ 2008 ᠤᠨ᠃﹇15﹈ ᠲ᠊ · ᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯ᠄ ︽ᠦᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ — ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠯᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ︾᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ 2010 ᠤᠨ᠃﹇16﹈ ᠳ᠋᠊ · ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠨ᠄ ︽ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ — ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ︾ ︵︽ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ︾᠂ 2008 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ︶﹇17﹈ ︽Российский государственный архив древних актов︾ .Ф.119.Оп.1.1673г. Д.5.Л.62.﹇18﹈ ︽Посольские книги по связям россии с калмыцким ханством 1672-1675гг︾ .элиста . 2003г .﹇19﹈ ︽Дополнения к актам историческим ,собранные и изданные археографическою коммиссиею︾ .СПБ.1857г                   ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃.
  
ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ
 
 
ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ
  
ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠦᠰᠯᠢᠮᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠡᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠡ ᠴᠡᠬᠡᠷᠯᠡᠯ᠁
ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠩᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠣᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠩᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠁
ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠁
ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠭ
ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠮ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ
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