| | ᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ 221–207 ᠤᠨ᠄ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠱᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ 206 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 220 ᠤᠨ᠄ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦ᠋ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠶᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦ᠋ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠶᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ 48 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠨᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ 33 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠤᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠤᠶᠡᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ | ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠬ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ᠂ | ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠦ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠦ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠧᠨ ᠷᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 415 — 416 | ᠤᠨ︶ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠲᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ ᠱᠧᠩ ᠯᠢ ︵ᠱᠧᠩ | ᠯᠧ ᠤᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ︶ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠢᠽᠦ | ᠲᠦᠸᠧ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠷᠦ᠋ ᠷᠦ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠭᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ | ᠶᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠦ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 471– 475 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠳᠤ ᠴᠧ ᠯᠧ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠ | ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠦ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠦᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ︽ᠴᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠷ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 907–1126 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ︵中原︶ ᠨᠢ ︽ | ᠲᠠᠪᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠩ ᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 960 — 965 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠹᠧᠩ ᠵᠧᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ︵丰洲城︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 969 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠹᠧᠩ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠸᠠᠨ ᠪᠦ᠋ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠃ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠹᠧᠩ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠬᠤᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠤᠮᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1115 –1215 ᠤᠨ᠃ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠨᠤᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠹᠧᠩ ᠵᠧᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠧ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ ᠱᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠡᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠹᠧᠩ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠹᠧᠩ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ︵丰洲滩︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | | ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1206 –1368 ᠤᠨ᠃ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠢᠽᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1264 — 1266 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠹᠧᠩ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠱᠧᠩ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠱᠢᠽᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠹᠧᠩ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠦᠨ | ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1368 — 1644 ᠤᠨ᠃ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠦ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1371 — 1394 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠧᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠶᠦᠩ ᠯᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1416 — 1419 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠱᠧᠩ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ | ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠬᠦᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1442 — 1446︶ ᠳᠤ | ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠲᠦᠩ᠂ ᠢᠤᠢ ᠯᠢᠨ᠂ ᠢᠦ ᠸᠧᠢ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠱᠧᠩ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ | ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1529 — 1567 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠬ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠹᠧᠩ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠪᠠ᠃ 1572 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ | ᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ | ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠢᠵᠡᠰᠭᠦᠯᠡᠩ᠂ ᠰᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠴᠧᠩ︾ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭ᠂ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠᠩᠨᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠺᠦ᠋ ᠺᠦ᠋ ᠾᠧ ᠲᠦᠨ︾ ︵库库和屯︶ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠂ ︽ᠺᠦ᠋ ᠺᠦ᠋ ᠾᠧ ᠲᠦᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ | ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠨ ᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1580–1588 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠽᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠤᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠢᠷᠵᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠡᠷ ︽ᠪᠦᠸᠧ ᠯᠦᠸᠧ ᠮᠢ | ᠰᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠩ︾ ︵波罗蜜心经︶ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠦ 108 | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠨᠵᠦᠦᠷ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1 623 ᠤᠨ –1627 ᠤᠨ᠃ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1633 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ | ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠦᠷᠦ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1644 –1911 ᠤᠨ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠨ ᡁᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︵ᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠤᠷᠤ | ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠯᠢᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1645 –1662 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠱᠤᠭᠲᠦ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠤᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1691 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1693 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠾᠧ ᠪᠧᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠩ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1695 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠢ | ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1697–1698 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠪᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠤᠳᠠᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠬᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠯᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠪᠡ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︵ᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠤᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠧᠨ 雍正︶ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | 1724–1726 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1728 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠᠲᠦ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ︵五塔寺︶ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ | 1735 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ | ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ︵ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1761–1765 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠳᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠷ ︵ | ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠢᠩ ᠱᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ | ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1765 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︵嘉庆᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠦᠩ ᠶᠠᠨ︶ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ︵ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1800 –1820 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢ | ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠷᠦ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︵道光᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠦᠷᠦ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠩ︶ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ︵ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1823 –1851 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ᠂ | ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠂ | ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠮ | ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︵咸丰和同治 ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠤᠷᠤ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1851–1854 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠩ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ᠂ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ | ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢᠴᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠱᠦᠢ ᠾᠧ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠤ | ᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠵᠤᠭᠤᠰ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠦ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠩᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠴᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠢ︾ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠲᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠯᠰᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ︽ᠱᠧᠩ ᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠩ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ︵光绪᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠦᠷᠦ ᠽᠠᠢ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ | ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1885–1889 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠹᠧᠩ︾ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | 1904–1906 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ᠂ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠩ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1905 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1907 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ | ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 1909 ᠤᠨ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | 1910 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ | ᠯᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠮᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 1913 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ᠂ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ︽ᠭᠦᠢ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ︵1929 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ | ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | 1949 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 19 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠯᠤᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1954 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ | ᠭᠦᠢ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | 25 ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠳᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠦ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠡ᠃ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠲᠦ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠦᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠦ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠷᠨᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠡ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ | ᠠᠵᠢᠨᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠢᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠦᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ | ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠪ᠂ ᠡᠰᠨᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | | ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠬᠦᠦ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠤᠷᠢᠬᠠᠨ | | |