| | ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠰᠢᠰ · ᠪᠠᠺᠣᠨ ︵弗兰西斯·培根Francis Bacon᠂ 1561 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ 22－1626 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 9 ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠪᠠᠺᠣᠨ | ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠺᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠩᠬᠦᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠯᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠴᠠᠷᠠ | ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠺᠣᠯᠣᠮᠪᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1605 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠ ︽ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠯᠳᠠ︾ ︵学术的进展︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ | ᠨᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | 1620 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ︽ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡ︾ | ︵学术的伟大复兴︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠨ | ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠺᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠷᠢᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ︽ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠬᠢᠯᠳᠠ︾ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠣ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨ | ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ | ᠠᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ | ᠶᠠᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠺᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ | ᠨᠣᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠴᠣᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠣ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ︵ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠽᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ | ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠺᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠣᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠵᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ | ᠪᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠳᠡ ︵ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠢ ᠶᠣᠸᠠᠢ ᠰᠧ 李 | 约瑟᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠦ | ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠦᠳᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ | ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ | ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ — ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠺᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ︽ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠺᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠨᠴᠣ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ | ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠺᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠶᠣᠨᠴᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠳᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ | ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠶᠣᠨᠴᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ︾ | ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨᠴᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ | ᠪᠠ ᠠᠵᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠣ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠺᠣᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1624 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠭᠡᠯ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠦᠨᠴᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠭᠤᠶᠣ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠦ | ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠰᠢ | ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠯᠣᠬᠢᠭ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠮᠣᠷᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯ᠂ | ᠵᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠮᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | | ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠬᠦᠦ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠤᠷᠢᠬᠠᠨ |