| | ᠸᠢᠢᠯᠢᠶᠠᠮ · ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠧᠷᠲ ︵威廉·吉尔伯特᠂ William Gilbert︶ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠣᠳᠣ | ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ 1544 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 24 ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠣᠯᠴᠧᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ︵ | Colchester︶ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1569 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠧᠷᠵ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠩᠬᠦᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠢᠯᠪᠧᠷᠲ 1580 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠣᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ᠂ | ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1600 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ︽ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ | ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠯᠢᠶᠥ᠋ ︵ | Galileo︶ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠄ ︽ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠡᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠭᠢᠯᠪᠧᠷᠲ 1603 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 10 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠯᠣᠨᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠨᠠᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠭᠢᠯᠪᠧᠷᠲ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ︽ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ︾ | ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠥ ᠪᠠ ᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠱᠣᠭᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠣᠵᠣ᠂ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠥ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠱᠣᠭᠤᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ | ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠥ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠰ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ | ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠭᠢᠯᠪᠧᠷᠲ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ | ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠰᠣ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠵᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ | ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠮ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠣ᠂ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠧᠷᠲ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ | ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠧᠷᠲ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠦᠭᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠧᠷᠲ ︵gilbert︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠣᠨ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠧᠷᠲ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ | ᠣᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭ | ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ | ᠠᠭᠤᠤᠣ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠬᠦᠦ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠤᠷᠢᠬᠠᠨ |