| | ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ︽ | ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ · ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ︾ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠷᠦᠩ | ︵山戎︶᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠦᠨ ︵獫狁᠂ 玁狁᠂ Xiǎnyǔn︶᠂ ᠾᠦᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ︵葷鬻 | ᠂ hūn yù︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠣᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠣᠳᠣᠭᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ | ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠮᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ︽ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢ ︽ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦᠴᠦᠳ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠳᠦᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠣᠢ᠂ | ᠶᠢᠨ ︵ᠱᠠᠩ︶ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠶ᠋ᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ︵獯鬻᠂ xūn yù︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷᠦᠨ᠂ ᠶᠣᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠾᠦᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠸᠥ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠪᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠢ᠂ ᠾᠦᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ︽ᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠱᠢ ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠣᠢ | ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ | ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ 葷鬻 | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ 獯鬻 ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠣ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠂ 葷鬻 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 獯鬻 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 葷 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ qʰun | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ 獯 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ qʰun ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ 鬻 | ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯ 粥 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ȶǐuk ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ tɕĭuk ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠡᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ 葷鬻 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 獯鬻 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠾᠦᠨᠴᠣᠳ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ | ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ 葷 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠦᠨᠦᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠢᠨᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠮᠰᠤᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ | ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠪᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ 獯 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡ | ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠷᠳᠣ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠣᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠣᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠳᠣ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ︽ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠧ ᠮᠠ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠷᠦᠩ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠦᠨ᠂ ᠾᠦᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦᠴᠦᠳ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠣᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠣ ᠭᠤᠳᠣᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠣᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ | ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ⑴匈奴 ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠄ xiōng nú᠃ | ⑵匈奴 ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ︽ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ᠄᠄ ᠰᠢᠶᠡ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ︵ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ 2146 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ | 1675 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦᠴᠦᠳ ᠢ 獯鬻 | ︵獯 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ qʰun᠂ 鬻 ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ 粥 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ | ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ȶjəwk᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ 獯鬻 ᠨᠢ | ᠾᠦᠨᠴᠦᠳ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠯᠳᠠᠢ︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠸᠥ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ︵ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ 1046 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ 256 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ︶ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ 猃狁 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 荤粥᠂ 荤允᠂ 獯戎 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 戎 ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 狄 ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦᠴᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠣ᠋ ︵胡︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠦᠸᠧ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦᠴᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ⑶匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ᠄ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠄ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ︵胸᠂ 胷︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ 匈 ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ 肉 ︵月︶ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ 胸 ᠪᠣᠶᠣ 胷 ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 匈奴 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠄ 匈匈 ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠢᠮᠡᠯᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠵᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ︵ᠲᠦᠢᠪᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠮᠣᠢ | ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ 匈奴 ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠢᠪᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠴᠣᠳ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ⑷匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ qʰoŋ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠦᠨ | ᠾᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠾᠦᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ⑸匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ | ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ x ᠪᠣᠶᠣ h ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ᠄ i̯uŋ᠂ ǐwɔŋ᠂ jewŋ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠾᠢᠶᠦᠩ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠾᠦᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ⑹匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ︽ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ︾ ︵说文解字︶ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ | ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ 从勹凶聲 ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ 勹 ︵bāo︶ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ 凶 ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠨᠠ | ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ 凶 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠣ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠨᠡ᠃ 凶 ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠮᠦᠨ qʰoŋ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ hioŋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ 許容切 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 許 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ hŋaʔ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ | ᠨᠢ hiɔ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ︽h︾ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ h ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ 容 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ óng ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ hóng ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠃ | ⑺匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠶᠦᠨ᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠶᠦᠨ᠂ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠶᠦᠨ᠂ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠾᠦᠢ᠂ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ ᠪᠦᠷ 許容切 ᠪᠣᠶᠣ 虛容切 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 許 | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 虛 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠾ᠊᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ︽h︾ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ hóng ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ⑻匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ᠄ xiong ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ | ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ hiong ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ⑼匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠄ 匈奴 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ | ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ くぬ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ きょうど ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠨᠠ | ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ く ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ きょう ᠨᠢ 匈 ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠨ᠂ ぬ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ど ᠨᠢ 奴 ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠨᠠ | ᠃ | ⑽匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠄ HUNG ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ ︵ᠾᠦᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ︶᠃ | ⑾匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠄ hung ᠭᠡᠪᠡ ︵ᠾᠦᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ︶᠃ | ⑿匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ xi̯woŋ᠂ xĭwoŋ᠂ xioŋ᠂ hɨoŋ᠂ hioŋ᠂ | huawŋ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ ︵ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠾᠦᠩ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠾᠢᠶᠦᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ︶᠃ | ⒀匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠫᠠᠭᠰᠪᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠄ Phags-pa ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ꡜꡦꡟꡃ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ hÿung ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ⒁匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ᠄ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ hiung1 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠶᠣᠸᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ hʊŋ ︵ | hung1︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠨᠨᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ hiɔŋ᠂ hœŋ᠂ hioŋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠳᠡᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ⒂匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ᠄ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠪᠣᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠾᠢᠶᠦᠩ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠾᠦᠩ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ⒃匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠄ ᠾᠦᠨ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠦᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ︽ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ · ᠸᠧᠢ ᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠾᠦᠸᠧ ᠴᠢᠥᠢ ᠪᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ︾ | ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠣᠨ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠫᠦᠸᠧ ᠨᠣ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠫᠦᠸᠧ ᠨᠣ᠋ ᠁ ᠾᠦᠩ | ᠾᠧ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠣᠨ ︵匈河將軍︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠣ᠋ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ 匈河 ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ | ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ 匈河 ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢ ︽ | ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ 匈奴河 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠫᠦᠸᠧ | ᠨᠣ᠋ ᠬᠣ᠋ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠥ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ 匈奴河 ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠦ ᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠣ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ | ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ︽ᠾᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ︾ ︵ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ 匈奴河 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ | ᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠᠯᠳᠣᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ 匈 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠾᠦᠨ | ︵ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠣᠢ᠃ | 奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠄ | ⑴奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ᠄ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ | ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠩᠭᠡᠮᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠣ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ⑵奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠄ nú ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ⑶奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ᠄ ᠶᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ︵奴︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ | ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ ︵婢︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ⑷奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ naː ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ⑸奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ᠄ n᠂ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ᠄ a᠂ | ɑɡ᠂ aɣ᠂ ag ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠨᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠨᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ⑹奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ︽ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ︾ | ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ 乃都切 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ 㚢 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ 奴 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠣ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠃ | ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ 㚢 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ 从人亩聲 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠮᠣ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠪᠠᠯ | ᠵᠦᠪ ᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ | ᠲᠠᠪᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠲᠦᠷ | ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠶᠠ᠃ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ 亩 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ 亩 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠠᠴᠠ 乃都切 ᠶᠢ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠵᠣ ︽ᠨᠦ᠋︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ⑺奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠶᠦᠨ᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠶᠦᠨ᠂ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠶᠦᠨ᠂ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠾᠦᠢ᠂ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ ᠪᠦᠷ 乃都切 ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ 農 ︵农︶ 都切 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠨ | ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ 孥 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠮᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 孥 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 从巾奴聲 | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ 乃都切 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ︽ ᠤ︾ ᠶᠢ | ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠦ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ⑻奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ᠄ *no ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ⑼奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ 奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ | ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ 奴僕 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ぬぼく ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ | ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ どぼく ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ 匈奴 ᠵᠣᠷᠪᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ 奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ⑽奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠄ NO ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ⑾奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠄ nô ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ⑿奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ nuo᠂ nu᠂ no᠂ nɔ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ⒀奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠫᠠᠭᠰᠪᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠄ ꡋꡟ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ nu ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ | ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ⒁奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ᠄ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ nu2᠂ nung2᠂ lu2᠂ ᠵᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠶᠣᠸᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ nou4᠂ nu | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠨᠨᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ lɔ᠂ nɔ᠂ nou ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ n᠂ l | ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ n᠂ l᠂ r᠂ | y ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠡᠯᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ n ᠶᠢ l ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠂ r ᠶᠢ n᠂ l᠂ y ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ⒂奴 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ᠄ ᠯᠣ᠋᠂ ᠨᠣ᠋ ︵ | ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠦ᠋ ︵ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭ︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ⒃奴 | ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠄ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠ ︵naː︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ᠂ ᠨᠣ᠋ ︵ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭ︶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠨ | ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ︽ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠷ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ︽ ᠤ︾ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ | ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ 匈奴河 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ︽ᠾᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠣ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠾᠦᠨ | ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ︵ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ᠂ 博 ︵ᠲᠣᠰ | ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ︶ 奴水 | ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠡ ︵ᠪᠦᠬᠡ ᠢᠳᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠡ︶ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠪᠦᠬᠡ ᠤ ᠣᠰᠣ︾ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡ ︽ᠪᠦᠬᠡ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ︾ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ ︽ᠪᠦᠬᠡ ᠤ ᠣᠰᠣ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠦ ︽ᠪᠦᠬᠡ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠳᠤ ︽ ᠤ︾ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ︽ ᠤ︾ ᠶᠢ | ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠠ ᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠯᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ⒄匈奴 ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡ᠄ ᠾᠦᠨ ᠤ ︵ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ︶᠂ ᠬᠤᠨ | ᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | | | ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠬᠦᠦ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠤᠷᠢᠬᠠᠨ |