| | ᠣᠣᠬᠠᠨ · ᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠ | 撐 犁孤 塗᠄ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ chēng lí gū tú᠂ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ︽ᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ · ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠣ 攣鞮 ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ luán | dī︶ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ 撐犁孤塗單于 ᠴᠠᠨ | ᠢᠥᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ︽撐犁︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︽孤塗︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | 孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠄ | ⑴孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠄ gū᠃ | ⑵孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ᠄ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨᠦᠴᠢᠨ᠂ | ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠷᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠃ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠾᠸᠥ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ | ᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ⑶孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ kʷaː ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ⑷孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ k ᠪᠣᠶᠣ kw᠂ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ | wo᠂ a᠂ uɑɡ᠂ waɣ᠂ ag ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ w ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ o᠂ a᠂ uɑɡ᠂ aɣ᠂ ag ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ kʷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ w ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | kʷ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ʷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ⑸孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ︽ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ︾ | ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ 从子瓜聲 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ 孤 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ 瓜 ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ 瓜 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ | ᠨᠢ kʷraː ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ 孤 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ kʷaː ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠂ | ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ⑹孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠶᠦᠨ᠂ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠶᠦᠨ᠂ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠾᠦᠢ᠂ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠶᠦᠨ 古乎切᠂ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠶᠦᠨ᠂ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠾᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠶᠦᠨ | ᠪᠦᠷ 攻乎切 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 音姑 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ⑺孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ᠄ *go ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ⑻孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠄ こ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ⑼孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠄ KO ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ⑽孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠄ cô ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠ | ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ⑾孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ᠄ kwa᠂ kua᠂ kɣua᠂ kʷɯa᠂ kwaɨ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ⑿孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠫᠠᠭᠰᠪᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠄ ꡂꡧ᠂ gwa ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ⒀孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ᠄ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷ ku ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ gū ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ ku ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ gū ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠶᠣᠸᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠮᠢᠨᠨᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ | ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ u ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ou ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ɔ ᠴᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ⒁孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ︾ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ᠄ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ | ᠶᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ko ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠺᠧ | ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡ ᠶᠣᠸᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ gu ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ 孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ k | ᠪᠣᠶᠣ g ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ⒂孤 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠄ gu ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ︽ᠬᠣ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠳᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠ ᠭᠠ ᠺᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ | ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ︽ᠬᠣ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠺᠤ | ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠭᠣ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | | | | | | ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠬᠦᠦ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠤᠷᠢᠬᠠᠨ |