| | ᠨᠢᠺᠣᠯᠠ · ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ︵1473 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 19 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ －1543 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ 24 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠫᠣᠯᠱᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠣᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠣ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ | ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ | ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠫᠣᠯᠱᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂᠂ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠣ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠵᠣ | ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠶᠡ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ 1517 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠣ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | 1519 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠯᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1514 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ | ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ | ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠ | ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ︽ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ | ᠦᠭᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠳᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠮᠡ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ | ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ︽ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ︽ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠣᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ 1515 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠬᠢᠷᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ | ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠶᠡ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ︽ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ | ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ 1878 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠥ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠄ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ | ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠰᠣᠷᠣ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠴᠡ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ | ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠳᠣᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠁ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠺᠣᠯᠠ · ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ 1543 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ︽ᠣᠳᠣᠨ | ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ | ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠦᠪ | ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠵᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ | ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1543 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 24 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠺᠣᠯᠠ · ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠨᠠᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠨ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠣᠬᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠣᠷᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠶᠡ 2005 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠯᠠ | ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠣ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | DNA ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠣ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠰᠣᠨᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ | ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ DNA ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ | ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ 2010 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 22 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠣᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠣ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠪᠠ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ︵IUPAC︶ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠂ 112 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ Uub（Ununbium︶ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺᠦᠰ ︵Copernicus︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠣ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠷᠳᠣ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ 2009 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 6 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ 112 | ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠾᠣᠹᠮᠠᠨ ︵Hofmann︶ ᠤ | ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠨ 112 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠵᠣ | ᠦᠭᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 2009 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 17 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ Copernicium | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠨ Cp ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ Cp ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠬᠦ | ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠦᠽᠧᠷᠹᠦᠷᠳ᠋ ︵Rutherford᠂ 卢瑟福模型︶ | ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ | Cp ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ IUPAC ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ | IUPAC ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ | ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 2010 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ 2009 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠂ Cp ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠯᠦᠲ᠋ᠧᠲ᠋ᠢᠦ᠋ᠮ ︵镥Lutetium︶ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ Cassiopeium ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 环 | 戊二烯 ︵Cyclopentadiene︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ IUPAC ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ | ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ IUPAC ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ Cp ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ Cn | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺᠢᠦ᠋ᠮ （Copernicium） ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ 2010 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 19 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 537 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠮᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ︵达姆施塔特᠂ Darmstadt︶ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠢᠶᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ︵GSI︶ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠩᠬᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠺᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠺ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠣ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ 112 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ Copernicium ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ Cn ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠩᠬᠠᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | | | ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠬᠦᠦ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠤᠷᠢᠬᠠᠨ | | |